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Time-dependent Solvers

For time-dependent (non-stationary) problems the user currently has these options:

  • fully manual option: add custom time derivatives to the problem (i.e. a mass matrix as a BilinearOperator and necessary LinearOperators for evaluating the previous time step(s), if more than one previous time step needs to be remembered, their memorization must be handled manually, e.g. by registering further unknowns)
  • fully automatic option: reframe the ProblemDescription as an ODE problem and evolve it via DifferentialEquations with ExtendableFEMDiffEQExt.jl extension (see below)

Several time-dependent examples are available where both options are implemented, see e.g. Examples103 (Burger's equation) and Example205 (Heat equation).

Using SciMLBase.ODEProblem and DifferentialEquations.jl

It is possible to reframe the ProblemDescription for the spatial differential operator of the PDE as the right-hand side of an ODEProblem. Here, the ProblemDescription contains the right-hand side description of the ODE

\[\begin{aligned} M u_t(t) & = b(u(t)) - A(u(t)) u(t) \end{aligned}\]

where A and b correspond to the assembled (linearized) spatial operator and the right-hand side operators in the ProblemDescription. Note, that A comes with a minus sign. The matrix M is the mass matrix and can be customized somewhat (as long as it stays constant). The operators in the ProblemDescription might depend on time (if their kernels use qpinfo.time) and will be reassembled in each time step. To avoid this single operator reassemblies can be switched off by using the store = true argument. The full matrix reassembly can be skipped if constant_matrix = true is used in the SolverConfiguration.

ExtendableFEM.generate_ODEProblem — Function
function generate_ODEProblem(
	PD::ProblemDescription,
	FES,
	tspan;
	mass_matrix = nothing)
	kwargs...)

Reframes the ProblemDescription inside the SolverConfiguration into an ODEProblem, for DifferentialEquations.jl where tspan is the desired time interval.

If no mass matrix is provided the standard mass matrix for the respective finite element space(s) for all unknowns is assembled.

Additional keyword arguments:

  • constant_matrix: matrix is constant (skips reassembly and refactorization in solver). Default: false

  • constant_rhs: right-hand side is constant (skips reassembly). Default: false

  • init: initial solution (otherwise starts with a zero vector). Default: nothing

  • initialized: linear system in solver configuration is already assembled (turns true after first assembly). Default: false

  • sametol: tolerance to identify two solution vectors to be identical (and to skip reassemblies called by DifferentialEquations.jl). Default: 1.0e-15

  • verbosity: verbosity level. Default: 0

source
ExtendableFEM.generate_ODEProblem — Method
function generate_ODEProblem(
	SC::SolverConfiguration,
	tspan;
	mass_matrix = nothing)
	kwargs...)

Reframes the ProblemDescription inside the SolverConfiguration into a SciMLBase.ODEProblem, for DifferentialEquations.jl where tspan is the desired time interval.

If no mass matrix is provided the standard mass matrix for the respective finite element space(s) for all unknowns is assembled.

Keyword arguments:

  • constant_matrix: matrix is constant (skips reassembly and refactorization in solver). Default: false

  • constant_rhs: right-hand side is constant (skips reassembly). Default: false

  • init: initial solution (otherwise starts with a zero vector). Default: nothing

  • initialized: linear system in solver configuration is already assembled (turns true after first assembly). Default: false

  • sametol: tolerance to identify two solution vectors to be identical (and to skip reassemblies called by DifferentialEquations.jl). Default: 1.0e-15

  • verbosity: verbosity level. Default: 0

source
Note

The solvers of DifferentialEquations should be run with the autodiff=false option as it is currently not possible to differentiate the right-hand side of the generated ODEProblem with respect to time.

Example : 2D Heat equation

The following ProblemDescription yields the space discretisation of the heat equation (including homogeneous boundary conditions and equivalent to the Poisson equation).

PD = ProblemDescription("Heat Equation")
u = Unknown("u"; name = "temperature")
assign_unknown!(PD, u)
assign_operator!(PD, BilinearOperator([grad(u)]; store = true, kwargs...))
assign_operator!(PD, HomogeneousBoundaryData(u))

Given a finite element space FES and an initial FEVector sol for the unknown, the ODEProblem for some time interval (0,T) can be generated and solved via

prob = generate_ODEProblem(PD, FES, (0, T); init = sol)
DifferentialEquations.solve(prob, Rosenbrock23(autodiff = false), dt = 1e-3, dtmin = 1e-6, adaptive = true)